Commas

This is a big category...just focus on one error at a time. Also, remember not to over-correct!
Used to:
  • Signal a pause in a sentence (but do not overuse)
  • Separate groups of words

Cities
  • Use a comma to separate a city from a state or nation.
    • Example: We are in Brooklyn, New York.
    • Example: London, England is where the Queen of England lives.

Dates
  • Use a comma to separate the day of the month and the year in a date.
  • use a comma after the year when other words follow the year in a sentence.
    • Example: Finally, on September 3, 1783, the colonists and the British signed the Treaty of Paris.
Introductory Words
  • Use a comma after an introductory word, such as:
    • yes,
    • no,
    • sure,
    • well,
  • Example: Yes, it is important to read your independent reading book every night.
Introductory Phrases
  • Use a comma after an introductory phrase that begins a sentence
  • Example: Because we were in a rush,we had to take our lunches to go and eat on the bus.
Nonessential Information (The sentence makes sense without it)
  • Use commas to separate nonessential information in a sentence.
  • Nonessential information adds information to a sentence, but doesn't change the meaning of a sentence.
    • Example: The dogs outside my window, a puppy and a large bulldog, are fighting over the treat.
    • Example: Our weather, which is very cold at times, can change suddenly.
Commas in a Series/List
  • Use commas to separate items in a list of words or phrases.
  • Commas are only used between whole items, not before the list begins.
    • Example: My favorite activities after school are playing with my siblings, running in the park, and eating a snack.
    • I like to eat ice cream, broccoli, and pizza.
  • Commas are also used to separate items in a series that modify/describe a noun (adjectives).
    • Example: We stayed close together in the dark, mysterious rainforest.
Compound Sentences with Conjunctions
  • Use a comma before a conjunction (and, but, for, so, nor, or, yet) that joins two independent clauses (parts of a sentence that could be separate sentences on their own).
    • Example: Antonio jumped over the fence to chase a rabbit, and then he saw the bull.
Direct Quotations
  • Use a comma to set off a quotation.
    • Example: "There is no try," Yoda told Luke, "only do or do not."
    • Example: "My favorite singer was Elvis Presley," my mother answered.
Questions
  • A tag question is a question, such as don't you, that is added at the end of a sentece.
  • Use a comma before the start of the tag question.
    • Example: It's extremely hot today, isn't it?
    • Example: President Lincoln was a great man, wasn't he?